How car heating and ventilation systems work
A typical heating system A modern car has a ventilation system that provides a constant through-flow of fresh air, heated if necessary. Modern cars are designed to have a constant through-flow of fresh air that keeps the interior atmosphere pleasant
How manual gearboxes work ( II )
While manual transmissions have remained relatively unchanged over the years, electronically controlled automatic, semi-automatic, and continuously variable transmissions (CVTs) have become increasingly complex, but also easier to use than ever before. However, modern transmissions of all types have become more prone to
How manual gearboxes work
Internal-combustion engines run at high speeds, so a reduction in gearing is necessary to transmit power to the drive wheels, which turn much more slowly. The gearbox provides a selection of gears for different driving conditions: standing start, climbing a
Removing wheel bearings
Bearing location The bearings are located in the wheel hub on disc-brake wheels, and inside the brake drum, which forms part of the hub, on drum-brake wheels. Non-driven wheel bearings - the front-wheel bearings of rear-wheel-drive cars and rear-wheel bearings
Renewing brake cables
Handbrake layout The most straightforward type of handbrake layout, with one cable leading to a Y-shaped equaliser and a secondary cable. Handbrake cable layouts vary from car to car, but have only a limited range of types of component. Although